sXcp-h¯v cma³ Dð]-Xn-jvWp-Xz-¯nsâ \nd-Zo]w
"]{Xm-[n-]À' Fóp-am{Xw ]d-ªmð Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯p-ImÀ sI. kpIp-am-cs\ (tIcf IuapZn ]{Xm-[n-]À) bmWv Dt±-in-¨-sXóv a\-Ên-em-¡pw. ae-_m-dp-ImÀ sI.]n. tIi-h-ta-t\ms\ HmÀ¡pw. At±lw Ime-K-Xn-b-Sª tijw sXcp-h¯v cma-s\-bpw. BPm-\p-_m-lphpw taZq-c-ZoÀL-Im-b-I-\p-amb tIi-h-ta-t\msâ ap¼nð {lkz-Im-b\mb cmta-«³ Hóp-a-ñm-bn-cn¡mw; "amXr-`qan'bpsS ap¼nð cmta-«sâ "{]Zo-]'hpw A§-s\-¯-só. cmhnse "amXr-`qan' Iïn-sñ-¦nð Hc-kz-Ø-X. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv tImgn-t¡m-«p-ImÀ¡v sshIp-tócw "{]Zo]w' Iïnsñ¦nð. A§-s\-sbmcp Ime-ap-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv tImgn-t¡m-S³ kp-lr-¯p-¡Ä ]d-ªXv Adn-bmw.
{]Zo]w kmbm-Ó-]{Xw apS-§msX hmbn-¨n-«pÅ Hcm-fñ Rm³. tImgn-t¡mSv t]mIp-t¼mÄ am{Xta B kmbm-Ó-]{Xw ImWm-dp-Åq. Fómð sXcp-h¯v cma³ Fó ]{Xm-[n-]-Isc aqó-c-]-Xn-ämïv Ime-ambn Adn-bmw. s{]m^-kÀ tImhqÀ BÄssZ-h-§sf shñp-hn-fn-¨p-sImïv "Znhym-ÛpX A\m-h-cW' ]cn-]mSnbpambn tIcf ]cy-S\w \S-¯p-óp. tImgn-t¡ms« kwLm-S-I-k-anXn A[y-£³ cmta-«-\m-bn-cp-óp. AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«mWv ASp-¯-dn-bp-ó-Xv. AXn-\pw-apt¼ tI«-dn-hp-ïm-bn-cp-óp. "bpàn-hmZn' ]{Xm-[n-]À Fw.kn. tPmk-^nsâ ASp¯ kplr-¯m-bn-cpóp At±-lw. 1968 ð Fw.knbpw hn.Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸mSpw aäpw Imª-§m«v hóp þkm-aqly ]cn-jvI-cW PmY ]pd-s¸-«Xv amt´m¸v ssaXm-\n-bnð \nóm-bn-cp-óp. Hcp Znhkw apgp-h³ Rm³ Ah-tcm-sSm-¸-ap-ïm-bn-cp-óp. Fw.kn-bnð \nómWv cmta-«-s\-¡p-dn¨v Adn-ª-Xv. ck-I-c-amb Iptd IY-IÄ Fw.kn. ]d-ªp, cmta-«-s\-¡p-dn-¨v. {]Zo]w ]{X-¯nð hmc-^ew tNÀ¡m-dp-ïm-bn-cp-óp. bpàn-hm-Zn-bmb sXcp-h¯v cmasâ ]{X-¯nð hmc-^-etam? ]ecpw s\än-Np-fn-¨p.
cmta-«sâ hmc-^-e-{]-h-N\ clkyw Fw.kn-¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-óp; At±lw ]d-ªXv R§Ä¡pw. "AizXn' sXm«v "tchXn' hsc-bpÅ \mfp-I-fnð P\n-¨-h-cpsS Hmtcm BgvN-bn-sebpw `mKy-\nÀ`m-Ky-§Ä {]h-Nn-¡p-óXv cmta-«³ Xsó. HcmgvNs¯ ^ew Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¯mð aXn; AXv Fó-tó-bv¡p-ambn XpSÀópÅ hmc-§-fnð It¼m-kn-äÀamÀ thïXv sNbvXp-sIm-Åpw. Cu BgvN Aiz-Xn-bpsS ^ew ASp¯ BgvN tch-Xn¡v þ C§s\ Xncn¨pw adn¨pw tNÀ¡pw. {]Zo-]-¯nse hmc-^ew "Indp-IrXyw' Fóv hmb-\-¡mÀ km£y-s¸-Sp-¯pw. AXnsâ clkyw ]nóoSv t\cn«v ]cn-N-b-s¸-«-t¸mÄ cmta-«³ ]d-ªp-Xóp: kz´w `mKy\nÀ`m-Ky-§fñmsX, asäm-cm-fpsS Imcyw Adn-bm³ BÀ¡pw XmXv]-cy-ap-ïm-hp-I-bn-ñ. AXp-sImïv asämcp hmc-^-e-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯n-t\m-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I-bn-ñ. cmtam-«-t\m-SpÅ kv\mlm-Z-c-§fpw At±lw R§-fnð AÀ¸n¡pó hnizm-khpw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v Cu {]h-N\clkyw R§fpw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-ñ.
1962 þ AjvS-{KltbmK-t¯msS temIw \in¡pw Fóv GtXm tPymÕy³ {]h-Nn-¨-tXm-sS, B]s¯m-gn-bm³ bÚ-§fpw ]pWy-IÀ½-§fpw \mSmsI \S-óp. tImgn-t¡mSv am\m-©nd ssaXm-\n-bnepw \Sóp Hcp alm-b-Úwþ ]n.kn. IS-ep-ïnbpw ckn-I-in-tcm-aWn cma-Zmkv sshZycpw aäpw kwL-Sn-¸n¨ "Ip¡p-S-Lr-Xm-ó-bÚ'¯nð cmta-«\pw hen-sbmcp ]¦p-h-ln-¨p. tImgn _ncn-bmWn (Ip¡pS LrXm-ów) Bbn-cp-óp hnX-cWw sN¿-s¸« "bÚ {]km-Zw'. kqcy³ Ipw`-cm-in-bn-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ tPymÕy³amÀ "Cfn-`y-cmin' bnte¡v {]th-in-¡póp Fóv ]n.kn. IS-epïn {]h-Nn-¨Xv {it²-b-am-bn.
tdUntbm Hm¬ sNbvXmð tIÄ¡pI "FtSm hnUvVo!' Fó kwt_m-[-\-bm-Wv. XpSÀóv Hcp D]-tZ-ihpw þtKm-hnµs\ `-Pn-¡pI! Fóv. D¯n-jvTX! Pm{KX! {]m]y-h-cm³ \nt_m-[X!' Fóv DXvt_m-[n-¸n-¡póXn\p ]Icw C§s\!'. ]h-\³ Hcn-¡ð Fgp-Xn ("tKm-hnµw `P aqV-atX!' Fó kvt{XmXw). BIm-i-hm-Wn-bpsS AÔ-hn-izm-k-{]-N-c-W-¯n-s\-Xnsc bpàn-hm-Zn-kwLw [ÀW kwL-Sn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ cmta-«\pw kl-I-cn-¨p. tImgn-t¡ms« [ÀW DZvLm-S\w sNbvXXv At±-l-am-bn-cp-óp. tdUntbm tÌj\p ap¼nð DðLm-S\ {]kwKw \S-¯n-b-tijw cmta-«³ Øew-hn-«p. XpSÀóv Bsc-ñm-amWv {]kw-Kn-¡pI Fóv tNmZn-¨n-d-ªn-«mWv At±lw t]mb-Xv. [ÀW Ignªv R§Ä Su¬lmÄ ]cn-k-c-¯v, ]pd-s¸-t«-S¯v Xncn-s¨-¯n. At¸mÄ {]Zo]w ]pd¯nd-§n-¡-gn-ªn-cp-óp. [ÀW-bp-sS hni-Z-amb dnt¸mÀ«p-ïv. cmta-«sâ DZvLm-S-\-{]-kwKw A§-s\-¯-só-bp-ïv. Xsâ {]kwKw t\cs¯ Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¯-ti-j-amWv At±lw tdUntbm tÌj-\n-te¡v ]pd-s¸-«-Xv. tijw {]kw-Kn-¨-h-cpsS t]cv {]Ênð Xncn-s¨-¯n-b-tijw ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¯p.
an{i-hn-hm-l-kwLw kwØm\ kt½-f\w tImgn-t¡m«v \S-ó-t¸mgpw At±lw hf-sc klm-bn-¨p. cà-Zm\ ]cn-]m-Sn, kz´w càw \ðIn-s¡mïv At±lw DðLm-S\w sNbvXp. {]ikvX Kmb-I³ tImgn-t¡mSv A_vZpð JmZ-dm-bn-cpóp kt½-f\w DðLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv.
hen-sbmcp ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ ]mc-¼cyw cmta-«\pïv. 1937 ð Xsâ Ccp-]-¯n-sbmómw hb-knð At±lw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ t]cnð Bdp-amkw Pbnðin£ A\p-`-hn-¨p. "kmln-Xy-Im-lfw' Fó ]{X-¯nð {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ Hcp teJ\w cmPy-t{Zm-l-ambn Iïv aZn-cmin Kh¬saâv ]{Xhpw {]kpw Iïp-sI-«n. ]{Xm-[n-]sc Pbn-en-e-S-¨p. 1945 ð `mcXn Fsómcp hmcnI XpS-§n. 1957 emWv {]Zo]w Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. Nne ]pkvX-I-§Ä cNn-¨n-«pïv At±-lw.
"Ckv¡kv', "sF]vtkm' XpS-§nb kam-[m\ kulrZ {]Øm-\-§-fpsS ap³\n-c-bnð cmta-«-\p-ïm-bn-cp-óp. B hgn¡pw At±-l-t¯m-sSm¸w ]e tbmK-§-fnepw kw_-Ôn-¡m³ Ignªn«p-ïv.
cmta-«³ B{K-ln-¨-Xp-t]mse At±-l-¯nsâ arX-tZlw saUn-¡ð tImtfPv hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS ]T-\-¯n-\mbn hn«p-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ïmIpw At±-l-¯nsâ a¡Ä.
sXcp-h¯v cma³ þ]-cn-N-b-s¸-«-h-cp-sS-sbñmw {]nb-s¸« cmta-«³ þ \ncym-X-\m-sb-¦nepw At±lw _m¡n-sh¨ "{]Zo]w' þ Dð]-Xn-jvWp-Xz-¯nsâ sISm-hn-f¡v þ AXp-ïtñm Fóv Biz-kn-¡mw.
"]{Xm-[n-]À' Fóp-am{Xw ]d-ªmð Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯p-ImÀ sI. kpIp-am-cs\ (tIcf IuapZn ]{Xm-[n-]À) bmWv Dt±-in-¨-sXóv a\-Ên-em-¡pw. ae-_m-dp-ImÀ sI.]n. tIi-h-ta-t\ms\ HmÀ¡pw. At±lw Ime-K-Xn-b-Sª tijw sXcp-h¯v cma-s\-bpw. BPm-\p-_m-lphpw taZq-c-ZoÀL-Im-b-I-\p-amb tIi-h-ta-t\msâ ap¼nð {lkz-Im-b\mb cmta-«³ Hóp-a-ñm-bn-cn¡mw; "amXr-`qan'bpsS ap¼nð cmta-«sâ "{]Zo-]'hpw A§-s\-¯-só. cmhnse "amXr-`qan' Iïn-sñ-¦nð Hc-kz-Ø-X. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv tImgn-t¡m-«p-ImÀ¡v sshIp-tócw "{]Zo]w' Iïnsñ¦nð. A§-s\-sbmcp Ime-ap-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv tImgn-t¡m-S³ kp-lr-¯p-¡Ä ]d-ªXv Adn-bmw.
{]Zo]w kmbm-Ó-]{Xw apS-§msX hmbn-¨n-«pÅ Hcm-fñ Rm³. tImgn-t¡mSv t]mIp-t¼mÄ am{Xta B kmbm-Ó-]{Xw ImWm-dp-Åq. Fómð sXcp-h¯v cma³ Fó ]{Xm-[n-]-Isc aqó-c-]-Xn-ämïv Ime-ambn Adn-bmw. s{]m^-kÀ tImhqÀ BÄssZ-h-§sf shñp-hn-fn-¨p-sImïv "Znhym-ÛpX A\m-h-cW' ]cn-]mSnbpambn tIcf ]cy-S\w \S-¯p-óp. tImgn-t¡ms« kwLm-S-I-k-anXn A[y-£³ cmta-«-\m-bn-cp-óp. AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«mWv ASp-¯-dn-bp-ó-Xv. AXn-\pw-apt¼ tI«-dn-hp-ïm-bn-cp-óp. "bpàn-hmZn' ]{Xm-[n-]À Fw.kn. tPmk-^nsâ ASp¯ kplr-¯m-bn-cpóp At±-lw. 1968 ð Fw.knbpw hn.Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸mSpw aäpw Imª-§m«v hóp þkm-aqly ]cn-jvI-cW PmY ]pd-s¸-«Xv amt´m¸v ssaXm-\n-bnð \nóm-bn-cp-óp. Hcp Znhkw apgp-h³ Rm³ Ah-tcm-sSm-¸-ap-ïm-bn-cp-óp. Fw.kn-bnð \nómWv cmta-«-s\-¡p-dn¨v Adn-ª-Xv. ck-I-c-amb Iptd IY-IÄ Fw.kn. ]d-ªp, cmta-«-s\-¡p-dn-¨v. {]Zo]w ]{X-¯nð hmc-^ew tNÀ¡m-dp-ïm-bn-cp-óp. bpàn-hm-Zn-bmb sXcp-h¯v cmasâ ]{X-¯nð hmc-^-etam? ]ecpw s\än-Np-fn-¨p.
cmta-«sâ hmc-^-e-{]-h-N\ clkyw Fw.kn-¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-óp; At±lw ]d-ªXv R§Ä¡pw. "AizXn' sXm«v "tchXn' hsc-bpÅ \mfp-I-fnð P\n-¨-h-cpsS Hmtcm BgvN-bn-sebpw `mKy-\nÀ`m-Ky-§Ä {]h-Nn-¡p-óXv cmta-«³ Xsó. HcmgvNs¯ ^ew Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¯mð aXn; AXv Fó-tó-bv¡p-ambn XpSÀópÅ hmc-§-fnð It¼m-kn-äÀamÀ thïXv sNbvXp-sIm-Åpw. Cu BgvN Aiz-Xn-bpsS ^ew ASp¯ BgvN tch-Xn¡v þ C§s\ Xncn¨pw adn¨pw tNÀ¡pw. {]Zo-]-¯nse hmc-^ew "Indp-IrXyw' Fóv hmb-\-¡mÀ km£y-s¸-Sp-¯pw. AXnsâ clkyw ]nóoSv t\cn«v ]cn-N-b-s¸-«-t¸mÄ cmta-«³ ]d-ªp-Xóp: kz´w `mKy\nÀ`m-Ky-§fñmsX, asäm-cm-fpsS Imcyw Adn-bm³ BÀ¡pw XmXv]-cy-ap-ïm-hp-I-bn-ñ. AXp-sImïv asämcp hmc-^-e-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯n-t\m-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I-bn-ñ. cmtam-«-t\m-SpÅ kv\mlm-Z-c-§fpw At±lw R§-fnð AÀ¸n¡pó hnizm-khpw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v Cu {]h-N\clkyw R§fpw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-ñ.
1962 þ AjvS-{KltbmK-t¯msS temIw \in¡pw Fóv GtXm tPymÕy³ {]h-Nn-¨-tXm-sS, B]s¯m-gn-bm³ bÚ-§fpw ]pWy-IÀ½-§fpw \mSmsI \S-óp. tImgn-t¡mSv am\m-©nd ssaXm-\n-bnepw \Sóp Hcp alm-b-Úwþ ]n.kn. IS-ep-ïnbpw ckn-I-in-tcm-aWn cma-Zmkv sshZycpw aäpw kwL-Sn-¸n¨ "Ip¡p-S-Lr-Xm-ó-bÚ'¯nð cmta-«\pw hen-sbmcp ]¦p-h-ln-¨p. tImgn _ncn-bmWn (Ip¡pS LrXm-ów) Bbn-cp-óp hnX-cWw sN¿-s¸« "bÚ {]km-Zw'. kqcy³ Ipw`-cm-in-bn-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ tPymÕy³amÀ "Cfn-`y-cmin' bnte¡v {]th-in-¡póp Fóv ]n.kn. IS-epïn {]h-Nn-¨Xv {it²-b-am-bn.
tdUntbm Hm¬ sNbvXmð tIÄ¡pI "FtSm hnUvVo!' Fó kwt_m-[-\-bm-Wv. XpSÀóv Hcp D]-tZ-ihpw þtKm-hnµs\ `-Pn-¡pI! Fóv. D¯n-jvTX! Pm{KX! {]m]y-h-cm³ \nt_m-[X!' Fóv DXvt_m-[n-¸n-¡póXn\p ]Icw C§s\!'. ]h-\³ Hcn-¡ð Fgp-Xn ("tKm-hnµw `P aqV-atX!' Fó kvt{XmXw). BIm-i-hm-Wn-bpsS AÔ-hn-izm-k-{]-N-c-W-¯n-s\-Xnsc bpàn-hm-Zn-kwLw [ÀW kwL-Sn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ cmta-«\pw kl-I-cn-¨p. tImgn-t¡ms« [ÀW DZvLm-S\w sNbvXXv At±-l-am-bn-cp-óp. tdUntbm tÌj\p ap¼nð DðLm-S\ {]kwKw \S-¯n-b-tijw cmta-«³ Øew-hn-«p. XpSÀóv Bsc-ñm-amWv {]kw-Kn-¡pI Fóv tNmZn-¨n-d-ªn-«mWv At±lw t]mb-Xv. [ÀW Ignªv R§Ä Su¬lmÄ ]cn-k-c-¯v, ]pd-s¸-t«-S¯v Xncn-s¨-¯n. At¸mÄ {]Zo]w ]pd¯nd-§n-¡-gn-ªn-cp-óp. [ÀW-bp-sS hni-Z-amb dnt¸mÀ«p-ïv. cmta-«sâ DZvLm-S-\-{]-kwKw A§-s\-¯-só-bp-ïv. Xsâ {]kwKw t\cs¯ Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¯-ti-j-amWv At±lw tdUntbm tÌj-\n-te¡v ]pd-s¸-«-Xv. tijw {]kw-Kn-¨-h-cpsS t]cv {]Ênð Xncn-s¨-¯n-b-tijw ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¯p.
an{i-hn-hm-l-kwLw kwØm\ kt½-f\w tImgn-t¡m«v \S-ó-t¸mgpw At±lw hf-sc klm-bn-¨p. cà-Zm\ ]cn-]m-Sn, kz´w càw \ðIn-s¡mïv At±lw DðLm-S\w sNbvXp. {]ikvX Kmb-I³ tImgn-t¡mSv A_vZpð JmZ-dm-bn-cpóp kt½-f\w DðLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv.
hen-sbmcp ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ ]mc-¼cyw cmta-«\pïv. 1937 ð Xsâ Ccp-]-¯n-sbmómw hb-knð At±lw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ t]cnð Bdp-amkw Pbnðin£ A\p-`-hn-¨p. "kmln-Xy-Im-lfw' Fó ]{X-¯nð {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ Hcp teJ\w cmPy-t{Zm-l-ambn Iïv aZn-cmin Kh¬saâv ]{Xhpw {]kpw Iïp-sI-«n. ]{Xm-[n-]sc Pbn-en-e-S-¨p. 1945 ð `mcXn Fsómcp hmcnI XpS-§n. 1957 emWv {]Zo]w Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. Nne ]pkvX-I-§Ä cNn-¨n-«pïv At±-lw.
"Ckv¡kv', "sF]vtkm' XpS-§nb kam-[m\ kulrZ {]Øm-\-§-fpsS ap³\n-c-bnð cmta-«-\p-ïm-bn-cp-óp. B hgn¡pw At±-l-t¯m-sSm¸w ]e tbmK-§-fnepw kw_-Ôn-¡m³ Ignªn«p-ïv.
cmta-«³ B{K-ln-¨-Xp-t]mse At±-l-¯nsâ arX-tZlw saUn-¡ð tImtfPv hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS ]T-\-¯n-\mbn hn«p-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ïmIpw At±-l-¯nsâ a¡Ä.
sXcp-h¯v cma³ þ]-cn-N-b-s¸-«-h-cp-sS-sbñmw {]nb-s¸« cmta-«³ þ \ncym-X-\m-sb-¦nepw At±lw _m¡n-sh¨ "{]Zo]w' þ Dð]-Xn-jvWp-Xz-¯nsâ sISm-hn-f¡v þ AXp-ïtñm Fóv Biz-kn-¡mw.
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